Data Analysis and Results Using Cronbachs Alpha - Free Essay Example

CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 4.1 Introduction Chapter 4 will discuss the findings of the research that obtained from the questionnaire. SPSS Version 22 will be used to analyse the data and summarise all of the results that collected from respondents. The function of data analysis is to facilitate in testing hypotheses. There are 4 statistical tools will be carried out to analyse the results that are Cronbachs Alpha, Descriptive statistic, Person Correlation Coefficient and Simple Linear Regression. Firstly, reliability statistics will be analysed by using Cronbachs Alpha. Meanwhile, demographic information of respondents will be described by descriptive statistic. In addition, the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable will be analysed by using Pearson Correlation. Simple Linear Regression will be used to investigate the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. 4.2 Cronbach’s Alpha Table 1: Reliability Statistics in Section B, C, D and E for Pilot Test Section B Web Security Cronbachs Alpha N of Items .819 5 Section C Perceived Risk Cronbachs Alpha N of Items .826 5 Section D Perceived Usefulness Cronbachs Alpha N of Items .870 5 Section E Online Purchase Intention of Cinema Movie Ticket Cronbachs Alpha N of Items .853 5 Table 1 showed the reliability statistic of all variables in this research. There are 25 respondents from SEGi College Subang Jaya will be used in the Cronbachs Alpha in order to get the results of pilot test. As mentioned in chapter 3, the acceptable reliability value for Cronbachs Alpha is 0.7 and above. Meanwhile, there are total 5 items in each of the variable. The reliability value of Section B is 0.819, Section C is 0.826, Section D is 0.870 and Section E is 0.853. However, the reliability value of all variables is above 0.7. Thus, the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable is reliable for further research. 4.2 Demographic Information of Respondents Table 2: Gender Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Male 58 58.0 58.0 58.0 Female 42 42.0 42.0 100.0 Total 100 100.0 100.0 According to Table 2, result showed the majority respondents of this research are male. However, male account 58% of the respondents. Meanwhile, the remaining 42% respondents are female.However, male is more willing to participate this survey. Table 3: Age Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Less than 18 years old 6 6.0 6.0 6.0 18 to 20 years old 40 40.0 40.0 46.0 21 to 23 years old 48 48.0 48.0 94.0 Above 23 years old 6 6.0 6.0 100.0 Total 100 100.0 100.0 As shown in Table 3, the majority age of respondents are 21 to 23 years old. However, 21 to 23 years old of respondents occupy 48%. Moreover, the age between 18 to 20 years old of respondents account 40%. Other than that, the percentage of respondents those less than 18 years old and above 23 years old are same. Both of these respondents also account 6%. Table 4: Ethnic Group Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Malay 29 29.0 29.0 29.0 Chinese 53 53.0 53.0 82.0 Indian 14 14.0 14.0 96.0 Others 4 4.0 4.0 100.0 Total 100 100.0 100.0 Table 4 showed 53% of ethnic group is Chinese in this research. Next, 29% of the respondents are Malay. In addition, Indian occupies 14% of the respondents in this research. Others ethnic group made up by small portion that is 4%. Table 5: Highest Education Level Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Certificate 5 5.0 5.0 5.0 Diploma 34 34.0 34.0 39.0 Degree 56 56.0 56.0 95.0 Master 3 3.0 3.0 98.0 PhD 2 2.0 2.0 100.0 Total 100 100.0 100.0 As refer to Table 5, the majority highest education level of respondents is Degree level and account 56%. On the other hand, Diploma level occupies 34%. Followed by is certificate that occupies 5%. 3% of respondents are Master level. Meanwhile, the PhD level of respondents occupy 2%. Table 6: Your monthly income Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Below RM1000 82 82.0 82.0 82.0 RM1001 to RM2000 12 12.0 12.0 94.0 RM2001 to RM3000 4 4.0 4.0 98.0 Above RM3000 2 2.0 2.0 100.0 Total 100 100.0 100.0 According to table 6, the majority respondents monthly income are below RM1000. However, these respondents account 84% of the total respondents.12% of the total respondents income level are RM1001 to RM 2000. On the other hand, there are 4% of the total respondents income level are RM2001 to RM3000.Only 2% of respondents income level are above RM3000. 4.3 Pearson Correlation Coefficient Table 7: Correlation between Web Security and Customer Online Purchase Intention of Cinema Movie Ticket Total_IV1 Total_DV Total_IV1 Pearson Correlation 1 .680** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 100 100 Total_DV Pearson Correlation .680** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 100 100 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis is always used to measure the strength of the linear relationship between independent and dependent variable. Based on the rules of Pearson correlation coefficient, the larger coefficient identified the stronger relationship between independent and dependent variable.Table 7 showed the correlation of web security is significant at 0.01 level (2-tailed) with customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. The correlation coefficient of web security is 0.680. Thus, web security has a positive significant relationship with customeronline purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. In addition, Hypotheses 1 (H1) is supported as result indicates there is a positive relationship between web security and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. Table 8: Correlation between Perceived Risk and Customer Online Purchase Intention of Cinema Movie Ticket Total_IV2 Total_DV Total_IV2 Pearson Correlation 1 .698** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 100 100 Total_DV Pearson Correlation .698** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 100 100 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). According to table 8, the correlation of perceived risk is significant at 0.01 level (2-tailed) with customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. The correlation coefficient of perceived risk is 0.698. Therefore, perceived risk has a positive significant relationship with customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. Compared with web security and perceived usefulness, perceived risk is the strongest significant with customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket.Furthermore, Hypotheses 2 (H2) is supported as result indicates there is a positive relationship between perceived risk and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. Table 9: Correlation between Perceived Usefulness and Customer Online Purchase Intention of Cinema Movie Ticket Total_IV3 Total_DV Total_IV3 Pearson Correlation 1 .642** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 100 100 Total_DV Pearson Correlation .642** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 100 100 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). As shown in Table 9, the correlation of perceived usefulness is significant at 0.01 level (2-tailed) with customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. The correlation coefficient of perceived usefulness is 0.642. Hence, perceived risk has a positive significant relationship with customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. Compared with web security and perceived risk, perceived usefulness is the weakest significant with customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. Moreover, Hypotheses 3 (H3) is supported as result indicates there is a positive relationship between perceived usefulness and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. 4.4 Simple Linear Regression Table 10: Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .680a .462 .456 2.44884 a. Predictors: (Constant), Total_IV1 Table 11: Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 1.328 1.118 1.188 .238 Total_IV1 .829 .090 .680 9.171 .000 a. Dependent Variable: Total_DV R Square is to measure the percentage of variance in customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket (Dependent Variable) can be explained by the predictor (Independent Variable). Standard Coefficient is to determine the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable is positive or negative. P-Value is to identify the significant of the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. According to Table 10 and Table 11, the result of hypotheses testing is based on simple linear regression analysis. Web security is labeled as Total_IV1 and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket is labeled as Total_DV. According to Table 10, the R Square value is 0.462. This mean that 46.2% of the variation in customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket can be explained by web security. As shown in Table 11, there is a positive relationship between web security and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticke t when refer to Standard Coefficient (Beta=0.829). The P-Value is 0.00 that is less than 0.05. Therefore, the data is significant in statistically. Table 12: Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .698a .487 .482 2.39112 a. Predictors: (Constant), Total_IV2 Table 13: Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 2.739 .922 2.969 .004 Total_IV2 .743 .077 .698 9.644 .000 a. Dependent Variable: Total_DV R Square is to measure the percentage of variance in customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket (Dependent Variable) can be explained by the predictor (Independent Variable). Standard Coefficient is to determine the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable is positive or negative. P-Value is to identify the significant of the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable.According to Table 12 and Table 13, the result of hypotheses testing is based on simple linear regression analysis. Perceived risk is labeled as Total_IV2 and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket is labeled as Total_DV. Table 12 showed the R Square value is 0.487. This mean that 48.7% of the variation in customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket can be explained by perceived risk. As stated in Table 13, there is a positive relationship between perceived risk and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket when refer to Standard Coefficient (Beta=0.743). The P-Value is 0.00 that is less than 0.05. Hence, the data is significant in statistically.Compared with web security and perceived usefulness, perceived risk is the most powerful factor that influencing customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. Table 14: Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .642a .412 .406 2.55970 a. Predictors: (Constant), Total_IV3 Table 15: Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 3.848 .938 4.100 .000 Total_IV3 .666 .080 .642 8.287 .000 a. Dependent Variable: Total_DV R Square is to measure the percentage of variance in customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket (Dependent Variable) can be explained by the predictor (Independent Variable). Standard Coefficient is to determine the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable is positive or negative. P-Value is to identify the significant of the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. As refer to Table 14 and Table 15, the result of hypotheses testing is based on simple linear regression analysis. Perceived usefulness is labeled as Total_IV3 and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket is labeled as Total_DV. Based on Table 14, the R Square value is 0.412. This mean that 41.2% of the variation in customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket can be explained by perceived usefulness. Table 15 showed there is a positive relationship between perceived usefulness and customer online purchase intention of cinem a movie ticket when refer to Standard Coefficient (Beta=0.666). The P-Value is 0.00 that is less than 0.05. Thus, the data is significant in statistically.

Summary Of Eveline By James Joyce - 1617 Words

This is a story of an eighteen year old girl named Eveline, who was beaten, abused, threatened and frustrated by her father, in which she makes a decision to run away from home. But when she flashed back on the promises she made to her mother, she decided to stay with her family â€Å"strange that it should come that very night to remind her of the promise to her mother, her promise to keep the home together as long as she could† (James Joyce 204). Eveline wisely realized that leaving her family was not going to bring a solution to the situation in her home. Eveline’s father always beats her every day, even to the extent of taking from her, the money she had worked hard to earn from her little job, just to deliberately make her sad. All these situations in her family, reminded her of when her mother was alive, she remembers that her family was very happy. And as a little girl, she goes to the playing ground to play with her brothers, their friends and the neighborâ€⠄¢s children. 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The Stranger By Albert Camus - 1391 Words

The Stranger â€Å"The Stranger,† written by the Algerian writer Albert Camus, is a novel about Meursault, a character who’s different and even threatening views on life take him to pay the highest price a person can pay: his life. This was Camus’ first novel written in the early 1940’s, in France, and it reflects the authors belief that there is no meaning in life and it is absurd for humans to try to find it places like religion. The main themes of the novel are irrationality of the universe and the meaningless of human life. During Meursault’s trial after killing the â€Å"Arab,† Meursault is questioned for several things that do not seem to have anything to do with the murder to a point where one wonders the actual reason for him to be in trial. Albert Camus professes his ideas on the absurd through Meursault in â€Å"the Stranger† to point out how pointless and irrational life actually is. 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Essay on If I Die in a Combat Zone - 650 Words

If I Die in a Combat Zone Essay Men have always viewed a love or need for a woman as a weakness. This is especially true in the U.S. military, where violence is sexualized and women are viewed as unnecessary. In a way, this is done to make life in the army easier because their are no women in the majority of their time. During an occupation, the local women have to incur the wrath of men trained to see them as something below human. Tim OBrien exemplifies this in his novel, If I Die in a Combat Zone, where the soldiers in Vietnam mistreat the women used for sexual purposes like strippers and prostitutes, yet treat women in the villages as if they were their mothers. Soldiers at war, far away from the women in their lives, leads†¦show more content†¦When they said to watch for th ones with razor blades in their vaginas-communists agents (OBrien 103). The women in the local villages are treated as enemy combatants instead of people caught in the crossfire. 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However I believe the biggest difference is the American publics view and attitude toward each of the two wars. As well as the attitude of the soldiers in each of the wars in 2001 after the September 11 attacks we had people like Pat Tillman give up a career in

The Rigorous Business of Budgeting for International Operations by Article

Essays on The Rigorous Business of Budgeting for International Operations by Milani and Rivera Article The paper "The Rigorous Business of Budgeting for International Operations by Milani and Rivera" is a brilliant example of an article on finance and accounting. Foreign matters have an intense effect on the budgeting activities of international firms. International organizations argue with a variety of external aspects, internal reflections, and other dynamics that affect budget policies, structure, and control. External aspects influencing budgeting operations of multinational firms include exchange rates of foreign currencies, rates of interest, and inflation (Milani and Rivera 38). Exchange rates of foreign currencies are the most influential ones as they influence an international firm through translation, dealing, and financial experiences. The Fisher Effect, International Fisher Effect, and rate of interest uniformity connections contribute to the rate of interest’s effect on global companies. Lastly, inflation affects multinationals by centering on differences between n ations and securing purchasing power uniformity and applying the Fisher Effect (Milani and Rivera 42). The main point of the article is that dealing with multinational risk is the core of budgeting for foreign subsidiaries. However, moving pricing and stock policy also affects global budgeting intensely (Milani and Rivera 38).The first point of interest is that global budgeting remains an uncertain practice even with concrete findings and strong geopolitical regulations. Second, multinational organizations should be continually alert and conscious of this uncertainty because it is more prevalent and undesirable than widely presumed. Lastly, multinational firms take on the demanding business of budgeting for translational activities because it is expected of their budgetary operations (Milani and Rivera 49).This article is important to a finance and accounting class because identifies with accounting standards necessary for learners in this class. The article presents a thorough and confined case of multinational dealings with budgeting across developed and developing economies across the world.Points I would like to discuss in class are:Cost budgets and their roles in transnational budgetingCapital and liquid budgetingTransfer valuationThe overall image of budget control or regulation

Human Resource Management A Report

Question: Conducting a critical analysis on personal leadership traits and attributes? Answer: Executive Summary: This report aims at conducting a critical analysis on personal leadership traits and attributes. It highlights on personal leadership attributes I possess, that needs to be practiced, swot analysis on personal attributes, and finally provides a personal leadership plan that emphasizes upon the skills and competencies that I need to acquire. Self-awareness means to know oneself thoroughly, knowing self-strengths and weaknesses, beliefs and preferences. It gives a complete idea about oneself and this would enable one to compare and contrast personal attributes with the most appropriate leadership attributes and standards. I have been in the post of a manager now since years, initially being a first line manager in a large local authoritative Social Care department for Children. Recently, I was a Service Manager for CSC in big rural authority. Owing to this, I possess quite of experience of leading as well as managing teams of team leaders or social workers. Before embarking upon the Po st graduate Diploma in leadership and management, leadership was never that an important subject. Various theories of leadership and management are existent that portray different concepts of the topic. Due to the increasing complexity of the surrounding business environment, both concepts of leadership and management has been used interchangeably. Some of the most preferred leadership skills Introduction: This report aims at conducting a critical analysis on personal leadership traits and attributes. It highlights on personal leadership attributes I possess, that needs to be practiced, swot analysis on personal attributes, and finally provides a personal leadership plan that emphasizes upon the skills and competencies that I need to acquire. It is a common phenomenon that a leader needs to possess effective skills and competencies in order to be successful as a leader. The report enhances my own leadership attributes and also denotes the areas where I lack as an effective leader (Aas et al., 2008). Key Leadership Attributes Reflection: Leadership is the ability to lead others in a manner that the followers would be pleased to follow the leader. This ability of leading others effectively depends on numerous skills. These skills are sought out by leaders after assessing and analyzing personal skills and competencies of team members. The roles of leadership are present everywhere and not just in work environments. These skills may be applied to any situation where one needs to adopt the lead in every possible setting. Leader The very initial step to identify personal leadership attribute of an authentic leader is by means of self-awareness. Self-awareness means to know oneself thoroughly, knowing self strengths and weaknesses, beliefs and preferences. It gives a complete idea about oneself and this would enable one to compare and contrast personal attributes with the most appropriate leadership attributes and standards. Besides self awareness, it is important to gather information about oneself from own family, friends, colleagues, and all those around. To enable my family, friends and colleagues to perceive me and reflect accordingly, I have prepared questionnaires for them to conduct interview along with group focus and personality tests. Leadership Attributes: As per researches there are some leadership qualities that are most preferred and appreciated in the present business environment. These qualities are meant to enable an individual to lead group of organizational people in the best manner towards the right direction. The attributes are depicted in the following figure (Bardes, Shelley and Schmidt, 2002). Source: (Belasen and Frank, 2008) For critical analysis of personal leadership qualities, it is important that I highlight upon personal traits being the particular profession. I have been in the post of a manager now since years, initially being a first line manager in a large local authoritative Social Care department for Children. Recently, I was a Service Manager for CSC in big rural authority. Owing to this, I possess quite of experience of leading as well as managing teams of team leaders or social workers. Before embarking upon the Post graduate Diploma in leadership and management, leadership was never that an important subject (Borodako, 2012). My personal practice of managing or leading groups has been based on personal experience of being managed, own personal observation of other leaders and managers, own personal instincts about what works and what not about leading and managing. With the progress of my personal leadership experience, I have been emphasizing more on the quality as well as consistency of my leadership capabilities. I have always been keen on understanding the leadership concepts effectively so that I may improve upon my own performances, performances of my teams, and lead to overall growth and achievements. A leader is responsible for adopting the most appropriate leadership approaches depending on the need of the situations (Boyce, Zaccaro and Wisecarver, 2010). As a team leader, I am responsible to assign tasks to individual members and based on their performance I need to either give reward them or penalize them. It has been my knowledge that a leader may impart most effective vision to the followers by convincing them what is essential and what is not. It has been an experience that leadership is not actually possible without positive followership (Chiu, 2010). Various theories of leadership and management are existent that portray different concepts of the topic. Due to the increasing complexity of the surrounding business environment, both concepts of leadership and management have been used interchangeably. However, key differences exist amidst the two (Detrick, 2013). Self-Awareness Leadership Success: The skill of self-awareness is key and most valuable in context to raising performance. As a leader I practice self-consciousness and realizing what I am good at and making efforts to push my personal effectiveness bar constantly. It has been a personal experience that organizational managers possess increased level of self-awareness and are not only effective in their conducts but also excels in respective fields (Dr.K.ALAGAR, 2012). I have realized with time that when it concerns effective management, it is important to raise personal leadership effectiveness and understand personal potentials by recognizing own strengths and weaknesses. This would enable me as a leader to build capacity and bring about personal improvements. Passion Effective leaders not only possess passion to conduct and complete work but also share the passion with his team members or associates to motivate them to be more productive. As per various sources, I have the passion to undertake any responsibility that I feel it is within my capabilities. The passion drives me to accomplish work and also motivate other members to take on responsibilities assigned to them. Communication As a leader I understand the need to communicate effectively with all related stakeholders, team members, clients and employees. I make sure that there is a steady information flow to both low and high organizational levels (Frimpon, 2012). Credibility To critically analyze my personal leadership traits, I need to enhance this quality since previously I adopted every single responsibility. In fact, I feared delegating responsibilities since the credibility factor lacked. However, critical analysis reflect that the credibility is an important requisite for a leader. Since this skill lacked in me to some extent, I need to build that credibility factor. Customer Centric It is not only important to give importance to the employees and staffs, but it is necessary to prioritize clients and customers. Although I focus on practicing effective leadership skills with the team members, I fail to achieve the long-term objective of focusing on clients. Previously I emphasized only on my team members and organizational benefits. However, presently I aim at focusing long term customers (Ganann et al., 2010). Drive It is more important for a leader to know all tactics of developing and maintaining followership and guide them in the positive direction to realize accomplishments of goals. When I practiced leadership, I tried my best to stick to my own values and encourage my members to beat against all odds. A potential drive is important for a leader to take upon increased responsibilities to assist organization in moving forwards against all odds (Haberfeld, 2006). Inspiration A leader is responsible for motivating others to conduct organizational operations successfully. Some important aspects that resonated with me throughout are authentic leadership, followership, and ethics in leadership. I have learnt it clearly that a leader who has all the qualities can surely bring about big changes within the organization that would be positive and beneficial for all the associated members (Hall, 2013). Personal Effectiveness It has been a personal experience that strong and effective leadership forms the backbone of any business. The concept creates determined vision, catalyst to develop individual strengths and support strategies for moving the business firm forward. However, leadership may be an elusive attribute, and progressive leaders act as the greatest challenge for firms in the present day Team-Building Motivating employees to accomplish more task rather than competing with each other, may result in increased productivity as well as morale. Favouring a cooperative atmosphere as well as problem solving in group may ensure all departmental members to accomplish tasks on time without any personal conflicts (Hazarika, 2009). As a leader, I make sure that I ask for inputs from team members about departmental functions as well as procedures that may make the members feel their importance. Decisiveness It has been my personal opinion that an effective leader is able to satisfy two key areas, namely key personality and acknowledgment. I agree to the fact that leadership can never be learnt, but it is to be inculcated and developed within individuals personally (Hirschmann, 2004). The model of leadership on which based the activities are participative theory and situational leadership of Hersey Blanchard state that particular style would be highly effective once a leader considers input adequately. The most important attribute of a leader is that he needs to bring about the team work amidst every organizational member (Hull, 2014). Source: A leader is responsible for adopting the most appropriate leadership approaches depending on the need of the situations. As a team leader, I am responsible to assign tasks to individual members and based on their performance I need to either give reward them or penalize them. It has been my knowledge that a leader may impart most effective vision to the followers by convincing them what is essential and what is not. It has been an experience that leadership is not actually possible without positive followership. A leader is responsible for motivating others to conduct organizational operations successfully (Jepson, 2009). Some important aspects that resonated with me throughout are authentic leadership, followership, and ethics in leadership. I have learnt it clearly that a leader who has all the qualities can surely bring about big changes within the organization that would be positive and beneficial for all the associated members. I thoroughly agree to the learning that innovative leadership needs to embody authenticity to express values and also embrace the followers as well as ethical decisions would be based on creative thinking and not upon short-term results. Being a leader, I have complied with the leadership attribute that enabled me to assess the environment at the very beginning. Then, I had focused on the ability of gaining of followers (Jones, 2014). It is more important for a leader to know all tactics of developing and maintaining followership and guide them in the positive direction to realize accomplishments of goals. When I practiced leadership, I tried my best to stick to my own values and encourage my members to beat against all odds. An aspect which resonated within me are authentic, ethical and transformational leadership as well as followership. A leader who focuses on the mentioned matters would successfully bring desired changes within the organization. I believe that the knowledge an innovative leadership needs to include authenticity to value are embraced by the followers are based on autonomy, creative thinking and not on short-term outcomes. As a leader, I have focused on the organizational structure as well as internal culture that play key role in determining the most appropriate leadership style (Kuratko, 2014). Transformational leadership has been quite effective for organizations as this enabled complete freedom for the managers and leaders to structure organizational performances in the way they wanted. While leading my members, I always made sure that I focus on my own values and principles. As a leader, I feel it is my responsibility to motivate and train my members to take up calculated risks and conduct organizational performances to the best of their capabilities (Lidh, 2013). It has been a personal experience that strong and effective leadership forms the backbone of any business. The concept creates determined vision, catalyst to develop individual strengths and support strategies for moving the business firm forward. However, leadership may be an elusive attribute, and progressive leaders act as the greatest challenge for firms in the present day. Some of the key areas that are to be highlighted as my personal attributes being a leader are: The ability to communicate effectively with people internal and external to the organization is critically important. Although I practice effective communication with my teams to the extent possible, yet the process is not completely flawless. Sometimes, the situation arises so that communication gaps occur due to unavailability of effective communication channels (Lowder, n.d.). Effective management of people is an important skill set that is identified in leadership. My personal experience suggests that organizational team members belong to different backgrounds and so it becomes immensely essential for a leader to manage each of them keeping in mind their backgrounds (Luckcock, 2007). Being a leader, I feel that there is a lack of accountability in my leadership. Not holding my members accountable in achieving decided and desired goals as well as behaviour has been identified as a critical flaw in my leadership. As a leader I need to improve this area of leadership and be accountable for all the goals that are to be achieved. Emotional intelligence as well as empathy happens to be a critical skill a leader needs to possess to put issues, needs and all concerns of people ahead of their own. The capability of empathizing, building rapport, understanding, showing concern, encouraging, connecting and engaging with individuals is necessary (Mackay and Risk, 2001). As a leader, I emphasize on values and integrity. For inspiring and leading members, I feel I possess that honesty as well as integrity to act as a role model for other people. I possess the needed vision and a sense of the big picture as well as the ability to communicate and mobilize members around a shared vision. I make effort to develop the big picture and induce it to my members so that they also get an idea of what is expected out of them (Macnamara, 2015). One area where I feel I need to focus more is providing appropriate feedback to the team members and also involve them in the decision making process. Functioning in environment where one is completely unaware of the ways one works in relation to others or individual goals may have adverse impacts on overall morale and performance. As a team leader, I am responsible to assign tasks to individual members and based on their performance I need to either give reward them or penalize them. It has been my knowledge that a leader may impart most effective vision to the followers by convincing them what is essential and what is not (Odhiambo and Hii, 2012). Leader-Member Exchange Theory: This theory states the relationship of a leader with other members that go through some phases like role-taking, role-making, and routinisation. Role-taking is the concept whereby a new employee joins the team and a leader is supposed to assess their skills, abilities, competence and motivation skills. Role-making is the concept whereby a leader starts forming judgments about them (Rabiger and Hurbis-Cherrier, 2013). My personal practice of managing or leading groups has been based on personal experience of being managed, own personal observation of other leaders and managers, own personal instincts about what works and what not about leading and managing. With the progress of my personal leadership experience, I have been emphasizing more on the quality as well as consistency of my leadership capabilities (RAO and RAO, 2012). Personal Leadership SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities Threats) Analysis: Strengths Self-awareness ability of gaining of followers to communicate effectively with people internal and external to the organization Emotional intelligence as well as empathy balanced work life perspective vision and a sense of the big picture emphasize on values and integrity Weakness lack in prioritizing things and getting the work done in the right way impatient at times and not tolerating irresponsibility in jobs time pressure leads to stress and emotional set back compulsiveness often creates anger and emotional instability when given responsibilities Opportunities I feel I need to focus more is providing appropriate feedback to the team members and also involve them in the decision making process receiving appropriate coaching to enhance my leadership skills enhancing personal ability to manage teams and accomplish tasks quickly learning from similar roles enhancing personal equanimity about tasks Threats time pressure can demolish personal plans of self-improvement multitude of regular demands often conspire against self-reflection increased number of team members often mean increased responsibilities and so a leader needs to be careful in dealing with them Personal Leadership Developmental Plan: Depending on several studies on leadership traits, and all possible needs of current business environment, it is important that one possesses most effective and desired traits and attributes. These would enable a leader to manage and lead members to successful accomplishments (Russell and Gregory Stone, 2002). Exemplary character Exemplary character suggests that I need to be more trustworthy so that I may lead others successfully. I need to be trusted by my followers. an effective leader is said to walk the talk and with this earns responsibility for others. Work enthusiasm I need to be much more enthusiastic about my members, their work and responsibilities. This would motivate my members to respond more openly. Though responsibilities as well as roles of an effective leader may be varied, he needs to be perceived as an integral part of the team aiming at some common goals. I have the passion to undertake any responsibility that I feel it is within my capabilities. The passion drives me to accomplish work and also motivate other members to take on responsibilities assigned to them. Confidence For leading my team members, I need to be highly confident in all my undertakings. Such confidence would motivate others to take more and more responsibilities in career (ZHOU, 2008). While leading my members, I always made sure that I focus on my own values and principles. As a leader, I feel it is my responsibility to motivate and train my members to take up calculated risks and conduct organizational performances to the best of their capabilities (RRTVEIT and SEVERINSSON, 2011). Managing uncertainty I need to function in a purposeful as well as orderly manner at situations of uncertainty. Members usually de[end upon leaders at the time of uncertainties to feel reassured and secured when leaders portray confidence. Tolerance As an effective leader, I need to be highly tolerant of uncertainties and maintain a calm and composed state. When I practiced leadership, I tried my best to stick to my own values and encourage my members to beat against all odds. A potential drive is important for a leader to take upon increased responsibilities to assist organization in moving forwards against all odds (Strnad, n.d.). Thinking analytically I need to conduct analytical thinking. It would not only allow me to perceive situation as a whole, but it would enable close inspection of tasks. Analytical thinking would not only enable me to manage tasks but bring about progress. My personal practice of managing or leading groups has been based on personal experience of being managed, own personal observation of other leaders and managers, own personal instincts about what works and what not about leading and managing. Committed to excellence The main objective must be at overall excellence and maintaining of high standards (Tracy, 2014). I have realized with time that when it concerns effective management, it is important to raise personal leadership effectiveness and understand personal potentials by recognizing own strengths and weaknesses. This would enable me as a leader to build capacity and bring about personal improvements(Tutu, 2002). Conclusion: With the progress of my personal leadership experience, I have been emphasizing more on the quality as well as consistency of my leadership capabilities. I have always been keen on understanding the leadership concepts effectively so that I may improve upon my own performances, performances of my teams, and lead to overall growth and achievements. A leader is responsible for adopting the most appropriate leadership approaches depending on the need of the situations. It has been a personal experience that organizational managers possess increased level of self-awareness and are not only effective in their conducts but also excels in respective fields. I have realized with time that when it concerns effective management, it is important to raise personal leadership effectiveness and understand personal potentials by recognizing own strengths and weaknesses. References Aas, R., Ellingsen, K., Linde, P. and Mller, A. (2008). Leadership Qualities in the Return to Work Process: A Content Analysis.J Occup Rehabil, 18(4), pp.335-346. Bardes, B., Shelley, M. and Schmidt, S. (2002).American government and politics today. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. Belasen, A. and Frank, N. (2008). Competing values leadership: quadrant roles and personality traits.Leadership Org Development J, 29(2), pp.127-143. Borodako, K. (2012). Key Foresight Attributes of Tourism Companies in the City of Krakow and the Region.International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(3), pp.282-290. Boyce, L., Zaccaro, S. and Wisecarver, M. (2010). Propensity for self-development of leadership attributes: Understanding, predicting, and supporting performance of leader self-development.The Leadership Quarterly, 21(1), pp.159-178. Chiu, E. (2010). Essential qualities and tasks of leadership.Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 2(4), pp.176-176. Detrick, J. (2013).The Jesus-hearted woman. Springfield, Mo.: Influence Resources. Dr.K.ALAGAR, D. (2012). Leadership Qualities of Women Entrepreneurs in India-A Case Study of Coimbatore City.Global Journal For Research Analysis, 3(8), pp.1-3. Frimpon, M. (2012). Using Pre-Identified Attributes as the Critical Success Factors of College Leadership to Measure Candidates.IJBM, 7(18). Ganann, R., Underwood, J., Matthews, S., Goodyear, R., Stamler, L., Meagher-Stewart, D. and Munroe, V. (2010). Leadership Attributes: A Key to Optimal Utilization of the Community Health Nursing Workforce.cjnl, 23(2), pp.60-71. Haberfeld, M. (2006).Police leadership. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Hall, R. (2013). Traits and Training: Attributes and Skills of Pennsylvania Academic Library Managers.palrap, 1(1). Hazarika, A. (2009). Building the pipeline: Leadership succession is a key challenge.Leadership in Action, 29(4), pp.8-12. Hirschmann, K. (2004).Leadership. Chicago: Raintree. Hull, T. (2014). Five Key Words for Effective Governance.Board Leadership, 2014(136), pp.4-5. Jepson, D. (2009). Studying Leadership at Cross-Country Level: A Critical Analysis.Leadership, 5(1), pp.61-80. Jones, S. (2014). Distributed leadership: A critical analysis.Leadership, 10(2), pp.129-141. Kuratko, D. (2014).Entrepreneurship. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage learning. Lidh, C. (2013). Basic Traits of Effective Management.Leadership Manage. Eng., 13(4), pp.249-253. Lowder, B. (n.d.). Five Dimensions of Effective Leadership: A Meta-Analysis of Leadership Attributes Behaviors.SSRN Journal. Luckcock, T. (2007). Personal Growth and Spirituality in Leadership Development: A Critical Analysis of the Construction of Self in LPSH.Educational Management Administration Leadership, 35(4), pp.535-554. Mackay, G. and Risk, M. (2001). Building Quality Practice Settings: An Attributes Model.cjnl, 14(3), pp.19-27. Macnamara, J. (2015). Multiple intelligences and minds as attributes to reconfigure PRA critical analysis.Public Relations Review. Odhiambo, G. and Hii, A. (2012). Key Stakeholders' Perceptions of Effective School Leadership.Educational Management Administration Leadership, 40(2), pp.232-247. Rabiger, M. and Hurbis-Cherrier, M. (2013).Directing. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. RAO, N. and RAO, K. (2012). Leadership Qualities of Successful Women Entreprenuer.Global Journal For Research Analysis, 3(8), pp.1-2. RRTVEIT, K. and SEVERINSSON, E. (2011). Leadership qualities when providing therapy for women who suffer from eating difficulties.Journal of Nursing Management, 20(5), pp.631-639. Russell, R. and Gregory Stone, A. (2002). A review of servant leadership attributes: developing a practical model.Leadership Org Development J, 23(3), pp.145-157. Strnad, J. (n.d.). The Progressivity Puzzle: The Key Role of Personal Attributes.SSRN Journal. Tracy, B. (2014).Leadership. New York: American Management Association. 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Persepolis reflective statement free essay sample

Having an interactive oral always improves my understanding of the cultural and contextual elements of the book, as it provides more aspects and points of view to consider and add to my own analysis of the book. Within this interactive oral, I feel as if I got more from the book, and had a better understanding of a lot of things. For example, one of my seminar questions were â€Å"How does religion define us as people and effect how we interact with others†. I expected, from my own analysis of the book, for people to answer and talk about how it can effect our physical appearance, cause discussions or heavy arguments / conversations. Instead, they touched up on some points in the book that I didnt think to look at as religiously effected things, such as religion creating isolation instead of union. For example, the separation of girls and boys, different ethnic groups, and other things that took place in the book. We will write a custom essay sample on Persepolis reflective statement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now, when I consider that being said, religion in a lot of cases does cause social hostility such as was, and revolutions. The hostility takes away from the actual revolutions main reason from happening;religion. Another understanding of an aspect of the book that was enhanced by the interactive oral was the archetype of Marji. Before the seminar, I would have said she the courageous, outspoken little girl who aspires to be so many things, and not really knowing where to go with herself, but ends up ultimately finding herself. But afterwards I realized, Marji just may be a character that is too complex to fit into one archetype. Shes too many different things in one character; a complex character. She plays the role of being a hero by wanting justice, equality, and aspiring to fix the world. While this is a good point, she is also the character that starts off one particular childish way, then ends up growing and maturing. Ultimately, my understanding of Persepolis was further improved following the interactive oral by intensifying my analysis of characters,themes, and furthermore.